Category: Livelihoods programming

A cash for work programme in Uganda

Summary of a mid-term review.

Issue 13, August 2001 (page 21)

A food-based strategy to improve nutrition in emergencies

Since February 2000 the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) has been implementing a project to improve household food security through home gardening and nutrition education in southern Somalia.

Issue 13, August 2001 (page 24)

A Market Support Programme to Address an Urban Food Crisis in Zimbabwe

It is extremely difficult to address urban food emergencies through traditional general ration programmes. The logistic and targeting challenges are particularly daunting. The market support programme described in this article demonstrates an alternative type of intervention which circumvents many of these difficulties. This type of programme may also be suited to certain rural contexts and may offer a model for future programming (Ed).

Issue 23, November 2004 (page 3)

A role for capital markets in natural disasters

Summary of a published Paper.

Issue 11, December 2000 (page 7)

Access to markets and services (Special Supplement 3)

In emergencies, access to markets may be lost for a number of reasons. Since most people live in a cash economy, restoring and maintaining adequate access to markets is important as part of an emergency response.

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 36)

Adapting to climate change

Summary of published paper.

Issue 27, March 2006 (page 9)

An overview of REST’s implementation of the Productive Safety Net Programme

The Relief Society of Tigray (REST) has been in existence in Ethiopia for over 30 years, starting out as a relatively small organisation in 1978 in response to the needs of Tigrayan’s displaced because of drought and food insecurity to neighbouring Sudan.

Issue 40, February 2011 (page 59)

Angola Agricultural Programmes

An ICRC Evaluation.

Issue 5, October 1998 (page 23)

Animal husbandry and agriculture efforts toward programme sustainability

Bundibugyo District, situated on the western side of the Rwenzori Mountains, is one of the most disadvantaged districts in Uganda.

Issue 33, June 2008 (page 35)

Assessing seed systems in relief operations

Summary of published paper.

Issue 19, July 2003 (page 9)

Campaigning with coffee farmers in Haiti (Special Supplement 3)

Oxfam GB has been working with poor coffee producers in northern and eastern Haiti since 1992, raising awareness of their rights and mobilising communities to take control of their lives.

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 43)

Cash and Vouchers in Emergencies

Summary of published paper.

Issue 26, November 2005 (page 15)

Cash grants and cash for work in Sri Lanka (Special Supplement 3)

Following the devastating tsunami in the Indian Ocean on 26th December 2005, Oxfam GB scaled up its activities in Sri Lanka and opened an office in the southern province of the country.

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 31)

Cash interventions as an alternative to food aid

Summary of draft review.

Issue 12, April 2001 (page 8)

Cash supported income generation activities in Southern Sudan

Many ACF Food Security and Livelihood team members have contributed to the overall success of the IGA project and its implementation.

Issue 41, August 2011 (page 53)

Cash transfers in emergencies: a review of recent experiences

Summary of Review.

Issue 13, August 2001 (page 4)

Cash transfers protecting dietary diversity during food crisis

Summary of working paper.

Issue 41, August 2011 (page 19)

Cash-for-work in urban setting in Guinea

Accion Contra el Hambre (ACF-E) is implementing a project to support low-income populations in urban areas of Guinea, funded by the European Union.

Issue 41, August 2011 (page 27)

Challenges to Livelihood Support Programming in South Sudan (Special Supplement 3)

AAH’s interventions in Southern Sudan have mainly been emergency responses in the nutrition, health and food security sector.

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 63)

Child survival during the 2002-2003 drought in Ethiopia

Summary of published research.

Issue 29, December 2006 (page 9)

Chronic Malnutrition: a Problem not Addressed by SFPs

An Appeal for a Development Programme by MSF Spain in Mandera District, Kenya.

Issue 7, July 1999 (page 12)

Cost of the Diet – novel approach to estimate affordability of a nutritious diet

This article provides an overview of a novel method developed by Save the Children UK to calculate the cost of an ideal diet, with results from two case studies and a discussion of the limitations to the approach and intended next steps for its development.

Issue 34, October 2008 (page 21)

Critical gaps in drought response in Greater Horn of Africa

Summary of published research.

Issue 28, July 2006 (page 8)

Crop failure in Dalocha, Ethiopia: a Participatory Emergency Response:

Howell. P (1998), Disasters, Volume 22, No 1, March 1998, pp57-76 The following is a summary of a paper recently published in Disasters. The views expressed are those of the author. .

Issue 4, June 1998 (page 7)

CRS seed vouchers & fairs – an innovative approach to help farm communities recover from disaster

Summary of internal evaluation.

Issue 15, April 2002 (page 22)

De-stocking in Kenya (Special Supplement 3)

The drought in 1999-2001 was one of the most severe in recent history in Kenya. Nearly three million pastoralists and agro-pastoralists were considered at risk.

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 52)

Delivery of Social Protection Programmes in Kenya

This article describes Oxfam’s early experiences in the Hunger Safety Net Programme, specifically piloting methodologies for delivery of social protection programmes. Based on a field visit to Turkana District, Kenya, it may not necessarily reflect the experience in other districts of the programme.

Issue 37, November 2009 (page 26)

Destocking to improve food security in drought - prone Ethiopia

This article describes Care Ethiopia’s experiences of a destocking programme in Ethiopia, and the lessons they learned for future similar interventions.

Issue 19, July 2003 (page 22)

Donkey feeding in IDP camps in Darfur (Special Supplement 3)

According to the UN, the number of war-affected people in greater Darfur was about 2.5 million in July 2004, of whom 85% were IDPs.

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 52)

Dynamics of livelihood diversification in post-famine Ethiopia

Summary of published paper.

Issue 17, November 2002 (page 11)

Emergency Food Security and Livelihoods Project in Amhara and Oromia regions

Oxfam UK has been working in Ethiopia for close to 30 years. Oxfam’s flagship coffee programme linked with the international coffee house, Starbucks, has enabled the organisation’s unique positioning within agriculture and livelihoods programming in Ethiopia.

Issue 40, February 2011 (page 18)

Emergency food-based programming in urban settings

Summary of published research.

Issue 35, March 2009 (page 14)

Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis (EMMA) tool

This article describes a work in progress by Oxfam GB in developing a new tool to enable emergency practitioners to map and analyse markets in emergencies.

Issue 35, March 2009 (page 3)

Enset - The ‘False Banana’ as Food Security

This article describes Self Help Development International’s experiences of using the staple crop, Enset, in their programming in Ethiopia, and the potential it holds for improving food security in drought affected areas.

Issue 22, July 2004 (page 3)

Evaluation of the Response to the Montserrat Volcano

Published Evaluation.

Issue 10, July 2000 (page 15)

Evaluation of the Wajir Relief Programme 1996-98

Published Evaluation.

Issue 10, July 2000 (page 14)

Exit strategies in OVC programming in Namibia

ENN recently visited several collaborative FAO-WFP programmes in Swaziland and the Caprivi region of north-eastern Namibia – both share some of the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS (42.6% in Swaziland, 40% in Namibia). In both countries, FAO and WFP became involved through emergency operations (EMOPs).

Issue 29, December 2006 (page 16)

Famine Avoided Despite Drought and ‘Zud’ in Mongolia

Summary of published paper.

Issue 20, November 2003 (page 9)

Farming in Bags: Micro Gardening in Northern Uganda

The Acholi region of Northern Uganda (Kitgum, Pader and Gulu districts) has been affected by rebel activities since 1986.

Issue 26, November 2005 (page 3)

Feasibility of private micro flood insurance provision in Bangladesh

Summary of research.

Issue 41, August 2011 (page 16)

Food incentive interventions in post-conflict Afghanistan

The recently dominant models for UN and NGO interventions in Afghanistan have been food for work (FFW), food for asset creation (FoodAC), and food for education (FFE).

Issue 14, November 2001 (page 2)

Food security – protection links in Liberia (Special Supplement 3)

Direct effect of conflict on livelihoods and food security Violence and the threat of violence over 14 years led to severe loss of livelihood assets through looting, destruction and lack of maintenance which negatively impacted on ability to sustain livelihoods and grow or buy sufficient food in Liberia.

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 62)

Food, Economic and Social Security in Azerbaijan

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 paralysed the economy leading to widespread unemployment in the region, including Azerbaijan.

Issue 24, March 2005 (page 12)

From emergency food aid to sustainable food security: 10 years of agricultural recovery in Afghanistan

Afghanistan is a country of breathtaking beauty inhabited by poets and warriors.

Issue 15, April 2002 (page 7)

Global food price crisis: lessons and ideas for relief planners and managers

Summary of published research.

Issue 35, March 2009 (page 9)

Has financial speculation in food commodity markets increased food prices?

In recent months, prices of rice, wheat, corn, palm oil and other essential staples have increased dramatically, leading to much debate about “the end of cheap food”.

Issue 34, October 2008 (page 28)

Impact of cash transfers on child nutrition in Niger

Summary of evaluation.

Issue 39, September 2010 (page 40)

Impact of conditional cash transfers in Mexico

Summary of published research.

Issue 39, September 2010 (page 16)

Impact of restocking on animal genetic resources after disaster

Summary of published research.

Issue 36, July 2009 (page 8)

Improving food security in vulnerable households in Swaziland

Summary of evaluation.

Issue 29, December 2006 (page 31)

Income and employment support (Special Supplement 3)

The provision of cash as an emergency response has the potential to impact on all elements of the livelihoods framework by providing the means to protect or recover assets, support livelihood strategies and meet basic needs, or to support institutions (for example, credit systems).

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 23)

Income generation in Guinea Conakry (Special Supplement 3)

Since the 1990s, Liberia, Sierra Leone and later on the Ivory Coast, have been embroiled in conflict. This has led to a mass exodus of refugees to neighbouring countries, particularly Guinea, which has received 150,000 people.

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 33)

Increasing Protein to Poultry

Poultry can be an important source of food following drought and crop failure.

Issue 8, November 1999 (page 12)

Issues and challenges for livelihoods programming in emergencies (Special Supplement 3)

The previous sections of this supplement have highlighted various challenges in livelihood support programming in emergencies.

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 54)

Land Reform in Tajikistan

Issue 14 of Field Exchange carried an article by Frances Mason on Action Against Hunger's assessments of the causes of nutritional vulnerability amongst the population in Tajikistan, following cessation of the civil war and signing of the peace accord in 1997. One of several factors identified in this analysis was failure of the land reform programme. The article below describes a further study by Action Against Hunger on the land reform process which unpicks, in more detail, the array of political, institutional and cultural factors impeding progress. (Ed).

Issue 24, March 2005 (page 3)

Lessons From a Microfinance Pilot Project in Rwanda

In 2001, Concern initiated a 3-year action research project on microfinance, funded by the Department for International Development-UK, and involving qualitative research in Angola, Cambodia, Mozambique and Rwanda.

Issue 20, November 2003 (page 3)

Lessons on Cash for Work in Somalia

Summary of published research.

Issue 29, December 2006 (page 11)

Linking early warning system information to response

The semi–arid to arid district of Isiolo covers an area of 25,605 square kilometres and is one of 10 districts of Eastern Province in Kenya.

Issue 9, March 2000 (page 19)

Livelihoods under siege in Dafur

Summary of unpublished study.

Issue 27, March 2006 (page 8)

Livestock and livelihoods in emergencies

Summary of report.

Issue 16, August 2002 (page 4)

Livestock Feeding Support as Drought Response

Summary of research.

Issue 32, January 2008 (page 9)

Long term strategies to target vulnerability in Somalia

Summary of published paper.

Issue 17, November 2002 (page 3)

Market Analysis and Emergency Needs Assessment

Summary of background technical paper.

Issue 21, March 2004 (page 9)

Market-led Livelihood Recovery and Enhancement Programme and integrating ENAs

Food for the Hungry Ethiopia (FHE) began working in Ethiopia in 1984 through aid efforts in response to the famine at that time. In the beginning, FHE operated through partner organisations, delivering emergency food aid to those affected by the famine.

Issue 40, February 2011 (page 57)

Micro-credit in refugee situations

Summary of published research.

Issue 35, March 2009 (page 12)

Micro-finance as livelihood support in urban Argentina (Special Supplement 3)

The December 2001 Argentinean crisis highlighted the serious social and economic problems faced by the population. Several years of negative growth and an increase in unemployment led to social collapse.

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 34)

Milk Matters: Improving Health and Nutritional Status of Children in Pastoralist Communities

The authors examine the role of milk in the diets of children in pastoralist communities in Ethiopia, including the links between seasonal availability of milk with child nutritional status and priority interventions to address this.

Issue 38, April 2010 (page 10)

Milling vouchers in Dafur to optomise food aid

Global food aid deliveries reached a record low in 2007. They declined by 15% to 5.9 million tons, the lowest level since 1961.

Issue 34, October 2008 (page 4)

Money for work in East-Timor

Summary of report.

Issue 12, April 2001 (page 23)

Multi-storey gardens to support food security

Addressing food insecurity in resource poor settings is difficult in any context. However, in protracted refugee camp situations, where people are almost entirely dependant on humanitarian assistance, the challenges are even greater.

Issue 29, December 2006 (page 39)

Nutrition in Commercial Farms Finding the right plaster for the wound

Children living in Large Scale Commercial Farms in Zimbabwe, most of which are owned by white farmers, have higher rates of undernutrition than children living in communal areas.

Issue 1, May 1997 (page 15)

Oxfam evaluation of Cyclone Sidr response

Summary of evaluation.

Issue 35, March 2009 (page 30)

Oxfam’s Somaliland-Ethiopia Cross Border Drought Preparedness Project

Oxfam’s Somaliland-Ethiopia Cross Border Drought Preparedness Project is implemented as a component of Oxfam GB’s 15-year regional pastoral initiative that covers six countries in the Horn and East Africa.

Issue 40, February 2011 (page 14)

Partnership and Disaster Response (and Post Script)

Save the Children Fund (SCF UK) has been working in Bangladesh since the Bhola cyclone of 1970.

Issue 6, February 1999 (page 12)

Post-drought restocking Can its impact be sustainable?

This article reflects some of the findings of Ahmed’s MSc thesis on post-drought restocking of pastoral households (2007).

Issue 40, February 2011 (page 90)

Postscript to 'Nutrition in commercial farms'

As co-editor of Field Exchange, and having just completed an evaluation of the CSFP in Zimbabwe for ODA, Jeremy had the following comments on this piece.

Issue 1, May 1997 (page 16)

Profile and overview of the church’s role in emergency response

The Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY) was established as a national church in Ethiopia in January 1959. As part of the mission of the church, EECMY set out to work in the areas of health, education and community development under its Development Department.

Issue 40, February 2011 (page 22)

Rapid response and long-term solutions: Christian Aid and food security in Ethiopia

Food insecurity is a deep-rooted problem for Ethiopia. With almost half the country’s population of 78.6 million living in deep and long-term poverty, many people are vulnerable to drought and moderate and severe acute malnutrition.

Issue 40, February 2011 (page 49)

Redistribution of Commercial Farms in Zimbabwe

In Field Exchange 1 we reported on the nutritional problems of workers on Zimbabwe's large commercial farms. After 17 years of independence many Zimbabwean workers still find themselves landless and working on these large white owned farms.

Issue 3, January 1998 (page 16)

School Feeding Programme in Zambia

This article describes the experiences of a school-feeding programme supported by the World Food Programme through Project Concern International (PCI).

Issue 25, May 2005 (page 22)

Seed security in southern Sudan

Summary of published paper.

Issue 19, July 2003 (page 12)

Seed vouchers and fairs in Zimbabwe - CRS (Special Supplement 3)

In 2001/2, Zimbabwe experienced one of the worst droughts in ten years. Other factors which contributed to create a food crisis included economic decline, characterised by high inflation and unemployment, reliance on a single staple crop (maize) and detrimental government policies.

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 51)

Shopping for Answers in Southern Sudan

Draft Report.

Issue 7, July 1999 (page 5)

Special Focus on Targeting

The recent spate of reports and articles on targeting emergency food aid shows the resurgence of interest in this subject.

Issue 8, November 1999 (page 3)

Study on hygiene practices and market chain of milk and milk products in Somalia

Since 2006, Vétérinaires Sans Frontières - Germany (VSF) has implemented several projects in Somalia. The VSF strategy focuses mainly on improving food security and value chain development. Past interventions have achieved significant improvements in supporting the production of ‘safer’ milk and compliance with minimum standards in milk marketing.

Issue 39, September 2010 (page 24)

Summary of the Oxfam Review of Bangladesh flood response

Between July and October last year Bangladesh suffered severe flooding regarded as the worst in living memory: two-thirds of Bangladesh was affected resulting in widespread disruption and damage to homesteads and crops.

Issue 8, November 1999 (page 26)

Supplementary Feeding in Mandera: The Right Intervention?

Central Mandera is located in northeastern Kenya, 2 km west of Somalia and 5 km south of the Ethiopian border.

Issue 6, February 1999 (page 26)

Support for primary production (Special Supplement 3)

This section focuses on supporting agricultural production, in particular farming and livestock production, as livelihood strategies.

Supplement 3, March 2006 (page 45)

Targeting Emergency Food Aid – Experiences in Ethiopia

Summary of a Published Paper.

Issue 6, February 1999 (page 10)

The dripkit watering system

The drip kit is made of a type of rubber hose with holes in it (you can either buy pre-holed ones or make the holes yourself with a special cutter).

Issue 29, December 2006 (page 31)

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church Development and Inter-Church Aid Commission

The Ethiopia Orthodox Church (EOC) is one of the oldest churches in the world. The church is also the largest denomination in Ethiopia with more than 40 million followers, which is approximately 40- 50% of the total population.

Issue 40, February 2011 (page 75)

The experience of multi-storey gardens in Ethiopian refugee camps

Ethiopia hosts around 112,201 refugees. Approximately 1,564 reside as urban refugees, while the remainder live in eight different refugee camps. The majority of refugees are of Somali (K/Beyah, Shedr, Awbarre and Boqolmayo), Sudanese (Fugnido and Sherkole) and Eritrean (Mayani, Asayta and Shimelba) nationalities.

Issue 40, February 2011 (page 36)